Rule 11(b)(4) applies to which content?

• A. Denials
• B. Motions
• C. Complaints
• D. Admissions

Answer: (A)

Rule 11(b)(4) focuses on how a party responds to factual contentions in filings: denials must be supported by evidentiary backing. In other words, when a party denies a factual assertion in a pleading, motion, or other paper filed with the court, that denial must be warranted by evidence or information gathered after reasonable inquiry. If the denial lacks evidentiary support, it can give rise to Rule 11 sanctions. So the content governed by this subsection is denials of factual contentions. Motions, complaints, and admissions can appear in filings governed by Rule 11, but the specific issue addressed by (b)(4) is the propriety of denials.