Under Rule 12(h)(2), you may raise those defenses in which ways?

• A. In the answer
• B. In a motion for judgment on the pleadings under Rule 12(c)
• C. At trial
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

Some defenses to a claim—lack of subject-matter jurisdiction, lack of personal jurisdiction, improper venue, insufficiency of process, and insufficiency of service of process—may be raised at any time, not just in the first pleading. Rule 12(h)(2) lets you bring these defenses in multiple stages. You can include them in your answer to the complaint, you can raise them later in a motion for judgment on the pleadings (Rule 12(c)) after the pleadings are closed, and you can even raise them at trial. Since these issues concern the court’s power or the sufficiency of service or process rather than the merits of the claim, they aren’t confined to an early filing and can be raised later if needed. That’s why “all of the above” is the best answer.