Which of the following are types of relief available in federal court?

• A. Money damages
• B. Injunctive relief
• C. Declaratory relief
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

In federal court, relief can come in several forms, and the main ones are monetary damages, injunctive relief, and declaratory relief. Monetary damages compensate the plaintiff for harm suffered. Injunctive relief seeks to prevent future harm or compel someone to take or stop taking a certain action. Declaratory relief provides a court ruling that determines the rights and obligations of the parties without ordering any payment or specific action.

These options are all available in federal court under different rules and statutes: damages arise from the underlying substantive claims, injunctive relief is an equity remedy under Rule 65, and declaratory relief is provided by the Declaratory Judgment Act. Because a case may involve seeking damages, seeking an injunction, or seeking a declaratory judgment—or any combination—the correct choice is the one that includes all three.