Which role does discovery play in satisfying Rule 11(b)(3)?

• A. Discovery can provide additional evidentiary support in the future
• B. Discovery is not allowed under Rule 11
• C. Discovery must be completed before filing
• D. Discovery is optional and irrelevant

Answer: (A)

Rule 11(b)(3) requires a signer to certify that the factual contentions in a pleading have evidentiary support or will have such support after a reasonable opportunity for further investigation or discovery. That means discovery can supply the additional evidence needed to back up those allegations after the case is filed. It isn’t required that discovery be completed before filing, and discovery isn’t prohibited or irrelevant under Rule 11; the rule explicitly envisions evidence gathering after filing to satisfy the certification. So the correct view is that discovery can provide additional evidentiary support in the future.